Most people call it
“coin collecting” but numismatics is the art and science that studies the forms
and uses of money. That includes money-like objects, which we call “exonumia.” Examples occupy the latitudes from merchant
tokens and bus and bridge tokens to medals including military orders, such as
the Congressional Medal of Honor. The
art medal was invented in 1439 by Antonio di Puccio Pisano (called “Pisanello”).
The occasion was for the Emperor at Constantinople,
John VIII Palaiologos, who came to Italian cities to negotiate treaties. (The
standard reference is The Currency of
Fame: Portrait Medals of the Renaissance by Stephen K. Scher, which is a
catalog of the Frick Collection in the U.S. National Gallery of Art.)
The plethora of adverting
exonumia has no easy taxonomy. The
Krause Standard Catalog of United States
Tokens 1790-1900 by Russell Rulau assigns them to a dozen classes, but then
must have another genus for mavericks. Within the classes – Advertising Checks,
Counterstamped Coins, Poker Checks, Tool Checks, etc. – physical shapes exceed
the limitations of Federal coinage: rectangles and hearts are statistical
likelihoods.
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41 mm reeded edge non-magnetic.
Obverse: Durango Silveton Narrow Gauge Railroad.
(Steam from stack of engine with snow plow mounted at front.)
Reverse: "Durango Rotary Club / Service Above Self /
This coin is good for two dollars in trade at cooperating businesses
in Durango through April 30, 1984. / High Noon Club” |
"Durango was founded by the Denver & Rio Grande Railway
in 1879. The railroad arrived in Durango
on August 5, 1881 and construction on the line to Silverton began in the fall
of the same year. By July of 1882, the tracks to Silverton were completed, and
the train began hauling both freight and passengers."The line was constructed
to haul silver & gold ore from the San Juan Mountains,
but passengers soon realized it was the view that was truly precious."This historic train has
been in continuous operation for 131 years, carrying passengers behind vintage
steam locomotives and rolling stock indigenous to the line. Relive the sights
and sounds of yesteryear for a spectacular journey on board the Durango &
Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad."
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33 mm aluminum. Plain edge.
1934 Chicago Century of Progress.
Obverse: Union Pacific Lucky Piece
Art deco Union Pacific engine.
Reverse legends: “Sample of the aluminum in the new Union Pacific train
built by Pullman Car & Mfg. Corp.”
1929 trademark Norman shield with ACOA and ALCOA
with stars in corners.
“Aluminum Company of America"
in exergue: "GREENDUCK, CHI" |
Manufactured by Greenduck of Chicago (about that company here on E-Sylum of the Numismatic Bibliomania Society.) One million given out at fair.
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34 mm aluminum 4 mm height. plain edge
Obverse: Heavy machine press with BLISS name.
Legend: "Bettering the Standard of Value Since 1857"
Reverse: Standard US Bicentennial logo and legends. |
Though he began building machines in 1857, E. W. Bliss founded his firm in 1867. Reorganized several times, a vestige still operates as Bliss Clearing Niagara
in Hastings, Michigan, specializing in the repair and maintenance
of industrial metal presses. Bliss created primary production tools,
machines that made other machines. They also produced military ammunition and a
wide range of large and small containers made of sheet metal. For a short time
around 1906, at their main office Brooklyn,
New York, plant they manufactured
an automobile.
(Not to be confused with
Bliss Machines, founded 1987 outside Buffalo New York by Bill and RandyKanner.)
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J & L Steel. 35 mm non-magnetic plain edge. Spinner.
Obverse: “YOU [up arrow] ↑ WIN WITH J & L STEEL STOCKS”
horseshoe and shamrock.
Reverse: “For dependable warehouse service
call Walnut 1-0470.” J&L Steel in square. |
Every artifact gives
evidence to the full context of its culture. A spinner is a coin struck with a
raised center point. On the reverse side, an arrow points outward. “You pay” it
says. Nicer variations such as “You win!” mean the same thing.
Founded in 1852 by B. F.
Jones and Bernard Lauth as the American Iron Company outside Pittsburgh. James H. Laughlin bought out
Lauth’s interest. Before 1861 and the firm was renamed in its new offices at Third
& Ross in downtown Pittsburgh. Growing up in Cleveland in the 1950s, our home was so close
to the mills that late at night with the windows open, I could hear the yard
engines working. At its peak in the
1970s, the Cleveland
facilities employed 4,000 people and produced 3 million tons of steel annually.
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Bronze 75 mm (3 inches). Extremely high relief.
Plain edge with incuse “Medallic Arts Company Bronze.”
Obverse: “Serving the Graphic Arts / 1906 – Fiftieth Anniversary – 1956”
“Pitman” (At left above P engraver’s name: Harold M).
Center: in Wreath: Camera, Press, Engraver’s hand with tool.
Reverse: three scenes: “Photo Engraving”: “Lithography”: “Rotogravure”.
Center triangle with center circle Camera and operator. |
Harold M. Pitman founded the
company in Chicago
in 1907. Starting out by himself, he made and sold steel dies and copper plates
to engravers. Pitman celebrated its 100th birthday in 2007. Agfa Gevaert Group acquired
Pitman for $80 million on July 15, 2010. The Pitman brand is still seen at 16 sales and
operations offices in the USA.
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38 mm. Silver. Reeded edge.
Obverse: “Sierra Ball Pens” on Mountain. “Faber Castell / 1986” below.
Reverse modeled on Morgan Dollar.
Legends “United States of America One Troy Oz. / .999 Fine Silver.” |
"Faber-Castell, established
in 1761 by the cabinet maker Kaspar Faber (1730-1784), is one of the oldest
industrial companies in the world. The
company is the world’s leading manufacturer of wood-cased pencils with a varied
range of products for writing, drawing and creative design, as well as
decorative cosmetics. … Today the eighth
generation family member Count Anton-Wolfgang von Faber-Castell, who took over
as head of the company in 1978, has been instrumental in new product
development and the expansion of international activities."
"One of its biggest
eco-initiatives came in the mid-1980s, when the company started a sustainable
tree-planting project in Brazil.
Developed on former grassland and nowhere near the Amazon
River, the company-planted pine forest provides about 75% of
Faber-Castell's wood. After the trees are cut down, they're quickly replaced
with seedlings of fast-growing pine species.”
The application of steam engines and machine tools to coin production allowed industrial and commercial firms to celebrate their products, services, trades and crafts with coin-like objet’s d’art. The first of these were the “British Provincial” series of the 1790s, mostly struck by the Soho Mint of James Watt and Mathew Boulton. In half-penny and penny size, they often promised to pay pounds sterling in return for 480 or 240 brought to London or Birmingham. Their beauty, consistency and cost-efficiency eclipsed anything from the Royal Mint.
In America, private tokens of the Jacksonian Era spoke to the politics of the day. They skirted the laws against private money. “Millions for Defense NOT ONE CENT for Tribute” was a common reverse legend. Through the nineteenth century, thousands of taverns, restaurants, and general merchandise retailers issued “Good-for” tokens. Essentially, these were ad hoc currencies backed by the goods and services of the issuers.
In parallel to all of that, many coin-like items declared no value, but only announced the firm. Behind government money and private currencies, numismatics grants only a third place interest to these. Nevertheless, they continue a tradition from the Renaissance to honor oneself and to announce one's achievements to the world.
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