Tuesday, June 13, 2023

Bayou City Hemp Company

I met the local sales rep at the Wheatsville Co-op last Sunday. It has been perhaps six months since any vendor was set up when I was in, so it was a good opportunity to chat and find out about their products.


“We want to take hemp products out of the shadows,” said Sam Curtiss. In that, he succeeded at Wheatsville. He told me that while he was there, he restocked his shelves in the cooler twice. Bayou City Hemp is working on becoming totally vertically integrated from growing to canning and from non-alcoholic beverages to tequilas and beers. In their view, you should not be stuck with just one beverage.

 

 

https://www.bayoucityhemp.com


PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS


Sunday at the Co-op 

Funky Mellow: Feel Good Marshmellows 

Hot Dang Veggie Burger Mix 

Coffee at the Co-op: Tradition and Novelty 

Awesome Austin Foods

Awesome Austin Foods at the Wheatsville Co-op

Sunday, June 11, 2023

INVISIBLE CHEATING AND VISIBLE RIGHTS

How do we decide who is worthy? How do we select for competency? A recent Grammarly advertisement hinged on an application for residency. I took that to mean medical residency. Grammarly is helping him with his personal statement and curriculum vitae. I found that disturbing.






Of course, no one test is sufficient. Doctors must be approved by government and professional licensing boards. In the USA, the AMA enjoys quasi-governmental status. So, even if this nice young man is letting Grammarly do his writing, his promotion from hospital intern to hospital resident is not assured. 

 

Right now, so-called “artificial intelligence” products are bringing into question what it means to be original. 

https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/03/tech/ai-art-fair-winner-controversy/index.html

AI won an art contest, and artists are furious

By Rachel Metz, CNN Business

Published 10:54 AM EDT, Sat September 3, 2022

CNN Business

 — 

Jason M. Allen was almost too nervous to enter his first art competition. Now, his award-winning image is sparking controversy about whether art can be generated by a computer, and what, exactly, it means to be an artist.


In August, Allen, a game designer who lives in Pueblo West, Colorado, won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts/digitally-manipulated photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. His winning image, titled “Théâtre D’opéra Spatial” (French for “Space Opera Theater”), was made with Midjourney — an artificial intelligence system that can produce detailed images when fed written prompts. A $300 prize accompanied his win.

https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/03/tech/ai-art-fair-winner-controversy/index.html


On the Cloudy Nights discussion board, which is mostly dedicated to chat about observational astronomy, in the forum for “Science! Astronomy, Space Exploration, and Others,” a topic title was the question “What can’t artificial intelligence do?”  The introductory post started: We have made machines that can play chess better than we can. We are close to making machines that can write novels better than we can. Threshold question. Is there a limit? I can see no reason that there should be. The interesting question. What happens when we can make machines that can do everything better than we can?” In 100 replies, I was the only person who pointed out that while an AI could write a better novel, the novel itself was an invention. I received just one "like" for the comment. 


"(As far as we know) only humans can invent something new. You can say that an AI can write a novel better than a human, but the novel is an invention. As a form of narration and history, the novel is relatively recent. Poetry - epic poetry - was first. And before poems were invented, people made lists of things. ... Painting as we know it evolved in a series of quantum leaps. By the 4th century BCE graphical realism had achieved what we regard as modern techniques. The "Renaissance Masters" of Holland painted in a hyper-realistic style that violated "natural" vision. See The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan Van Eyck.  If you were in the room where the painter stood, you would not see the image in the mirror at the back the way it is presented in the painting. It is hyper-real. Impressionism, Expressionism, Abstract, ...  Performance Art.... Even John Cage, an intellectual fraud*, carried out original ideas not requested of him by someone else. That is the essential distinguishing characteristic that explains the difference between human intelligence and machine intelligence."


The question remains unanswered because it is a slippery slope. Grammarly targets two markets: college students writing homework essays; young professionals writing business memoranda. Is it wrong to have someone (something) else proofread your work before you turn it in? I often get red squiggly underlines warning me that I miskeyed or misspelled a word. Whatever the gradient of that slope, we know the difference between having someone (something) else check your work and taking work that was not yours originally. That is plagiarism, and in business, it is theft and fraud.


Whether the impulse to sue for rights originates spontaneously within the plaintiff or was learned by the plaintiff from observing others is irrelevant. The deeper question is how the laws of various geographies will view the action when a computer program insists that it is alive and has rights.


*Having read from his Silence: Lectures and Writings, I changed my opinion of John Cage. 

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS


All Volitional Beings Deserve Rights 

Not Invented Here 

Copy Rights and Wrongs 

Objective Intellectual Property Law 

U. S. Patent Law Does Not Add Up 

Patent Nonsense 


Wednesday, June 7, 2023

Globular Clusters

Despite the shorter nights, summer is great time to pursue globular clusters. Messier objects 4 and 80 are in Scorpius. M22 is in Sagittarius. The Hercules cluster M13 is high in the sky overhead at 11:00 PM about July 15. Under truly dark skies, M13 can be a naked eye object. On the other hand, from the city, even with a moderate telescope, M4 can be hard to obtain as will be the less well known M92 in Hercules. Even so, with the milder nights, if you want to stay up or go out early, you can catch M15 in Pegasus on the meridian about 4:00 AM on July 15. Whether easy or challenging to enter in your observation logs, better appreciation for the success of finding them comes from understanding what you are looking at. (This entry is from my notes collected for an article to appear in the June 9 issue of Sidereal Times of the Austin Astronomical Society.)

“Though the clusters show in their arrangement, a definite relation to the galactic plane, they are not concentrated close to it; indeed, there is a conspicuous absence of globular clusters near the central line of the Milky Way in the sky, and within about 2000 parsecs from the galactic plane in space. There is no known reason why globular clusters should not exist near this plane, and it is probable that those which are there are hidden from us.” [6]

“The globular clusters in the Milky Way are all estimated to be at least 10 billion years old and therefore contain some of the oldest stars in the galaxy. They contain an abundance of low-mass red stars and intermediate-mass yellow stars, but none greater than 0.8 solar masses. There are about 150 known globular clusters in the Milky Way. It is thought that globular clusters formed very early in the vast halo surrounding the nascent galaxy before it flattened to form the spiral disc. Star formation would have stopped in these clusters maybe 13 billion years ago, so only old stars are expected to be found there.” http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/globular.html)

Excellent introductions to the hobby of observational astronomy such as NightWatch by Terence Dickinson all tend to give the same easy explanations. Of 150 or so globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way, about 30 are readily found by dedicated observers with telescopes of larger aperture under darker skies. When it was accepted that the Milky Way is just another galaxy the examination of other galaxies led to new understanding of the nature of globular clusters and to new questions about them. 

Globular clusters are far more prevalent in elliptical galaxies than in spirals and it is accepted as likely that many are in fact the cores of elliptical galaxies. [3.b] Elliptical galaxy M87 (Virgo A) is often available to 60-mm refractors, given dark skies suited to its 8.6 magnitude, second brightest in the Virgo Cluster. It has thousands of globular clusters.[3.b] [3.c] perhaps 15,000 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_87]. Close studies of the motions of globular clusters have revealed tidal trails of stars being left behind. [3.b] Globular clusters are also known “in the field,” meaning in the otherwise unorganized free space between galaxies where they are detected by instruments seeking the farthest (oldest) galaxies. [3.c]

Blue Stragglers

In the dense cores of globular clusters, a typical star has a significant chance to undergo a collision. The velocity gradient within a globular cluster is one to two orders of magnitude less than escape velocity. Therefore, almost all of the mass in a collision is retained. Moreover, the velocities of the materials are less than the escape velocities from stellar bodies of the original masses. Therefore, the mass is retained to form the merged product. If the sum of the products is significantly large (more than 1 solar mass), the merged product will remain on the H-R main sequence but will be positioned bluewards on the turnoff from the Main Sequence. These have been labeled “blue stragglers.”[5] 

Blue Stragglers were first identified in 1953 by Alan R. Sandage. His data came from examination of Messier 3 and Messier 95, which are often available to small telescopes and M71 which usually is not. So far, over 400 Blue Stragglers have been identified in 20 globular clusters. They still do have a completely integrated theoretical explanation. Available data strongly suggests a causal link between the unperturbed evolution of binary stars and the existence of Blue Stragglers. [3] 

REFERENCES

1.     The Complex Lives of Star Clusters. David Stevenson. Springer. 2015.
2.    The Ecology of Blue Stragglers. Henry M. J. Boffin, Giovanni Carraro, Giacomo Beccari, editors. Springer. 2015.
3.    Extra-Galactic Globular Cluster Systems. M. Kissler-Patig, editor. Springer.. 2003. 
3.a “Globular Cluster Systems of Spirals” by Pauline Barmby
3.b. “Globular Cluster Systems of Spiral Galaxies Beyond the Local Group” by Katherine L. Rhode
3.c. “The Morphology of the Radial Velocity Distribution of Globular Clusters in NGC 1399” by Tom Richtler, Boris Dirsch, and D. Geisler.
4.     The Gravitational Million-Body Problem: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Star Cluster Dynamics. Douglas Heggie, Piet Hut. Cambridge University Press. 2003.
5.     Stellar Evolution at Low Metallicity: Mass Loss, Explosions, Cosmology. Henry J. G. L. M. Lamers, Norbert Langer, Tilt Nugis, Kaljiu Annuk, editors. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series volume 353. 2005.
6.     Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy; volume II Astrophysics and Stellar Astronomy. Henry Norris Russell, Raymond Smith Duncan, John Quincy Stewart. Ginn and Company. 1927, 1938.
7.     Discovery and Classification in Astronomy. Steven J. Dick. Cambridge University Press. 2013.

FROM MY LOG BOOKS
Messier 4 - 14 July 2015, 11 and 13 June 2020, and 31 July 2021. 15 March 2022, 26 March 2022.
Messier 13 - 12 July 2015, 11 September 2021, 3 December 2021, 
Messier 22 - 14 July 2015, 15 March 2022, 26 March 2022
Messier 31 - 1 December 2018, 5 November 2020,
Messier 80 - 14 July 2015, 11 July 2020, March and 26 March 2022

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Book Review - Seeing in the Dark: Your Front Row Seat to the Universe 

Measuring Your Universe: Alan Hirschfeld’s Astronomy Activity Manual 

Viewing Mars 

Hypatia of Alexandria 


Saturday, May 13, 2023

Springer Closes Wall of Shame

Springer Nature publishing closed the “Wall of Shame” website that recorded the retraction of medical research which failed for lack of procedural integrity. The website was pubished under the banner of Cureus, an open-access, peer-reviewed medical journal.

 

 

This is their statement:

Let’s talk about the Wall of Shame. As a peer-reviewed medical journal, we have a fundamental responsibility to ensure that potentially dangerous medical misinformation is not published. With traditional research integrity methods sometimes falling short, we decided to conduct an experiment by highlighting authors who have committed egregious ethical violations as well as the institutions that enabled them. While we will never abandon this responsibility, we have decided to remove the Wall of Shame tomorrow, May 12th, 2023.

 

Why, you may be asking? Especially when the Cureus community of authors, readers and reviewers were overwhelmingly supportive? We recognize that this is an ongoing problem, but we have determined that there are better ways of addressing academic fraud and dishonesty than by publicly sharing lists of authors. We wish to recenter the focus on correcting the academic record, as that is the ultimate goal of any correction or retraction. We will continue to vigorously investigate allegations of academic fraud and dishonesty, and we will do so objectively, without levying judgment on authors deemed to have acted unethically.

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

 

Dishonest Scientists: Who is the Guardian? 

20 Percent of Scientists are Crooks 

Science Fair Science Fraud 

Misconduct in Science and Research 

Eyewitness Testimony: Popper, Wittgenstein, and the Innocence Project 


 

Saturday, May 6, 2023

BSides Austin 2023

After a Covid hiatus, the BSides Austin computer security conference returned as an in-person event. We enjoyed meeting people we had not seen in two-and-a-half years. The conference ran three parallel tracks and I blocked out some talks to attend but I spent the day near Laurel’s table supporting Kids First Uganda. It was time well invested, visiting vendors and watching attendees. I even met a recruiter who gave me a QR code to upload my resume. 

Three tracks with 24 sessions included cloud-focused phishing,
containing smishing incidents, attacking Microsoft Cloud,
mitigating malvertising, and "Don't Let Your Roomba
Sell Your Bank Login."


There was a BSides Austin virtual meeting on 2 December 2022 that I did not attend. In the past 30 months, I have been in several virtual conference chatrooms and they are a poor substitute. It is much easier and more comfortable to stand in an open hall just watching and waiting than it is to be in a chatroom by yourself. 



The conference featured a day of training on Thursday. (Laurel attended; I did not.) In fact, this year's theme was "Never Stop Learning." 


Organizer Janice Daquila-Pardo told me that they had 600 sign-ups and about 500 in attendance. The last full-scale event in 2019 tallied 700 attendees. We signed up late but got t-shirts nevertheless because of the no-shows. 



Locksporting (above) had two tables this time.
In addition to a wide range of key locks, there were combination
locks and even ziplocks to try your skills on (bottom right).
Next to them were the hardware hackers (bottom left). 
IT managers worry about clouds as services and they
seldom see the more obvious weaknesses.

History of BSides Austin

“The very first BSides in Austin was organized in 2010 by Jack Daniel and Ben Tomhave. This was the fourth BSides ever to be held, and it had about 30 attendees. In 2011, Michael Gough stepped up and took over organization of our local event. Even as he continued to manage the BSides Austin events through 2015, Michael also helped kick off BSides Texas in 2012, and was heavily involved in BSides throughout Texas (including Dallas, San Antonio and Houston). 

“Matt [Pardo; @ultraslogger] and Janice [Daquila Pardo; @bsidesaustin] have been running BSides Austin since 2016. BSides Austin has grown in that short time into a two-day event with around 750 participants. Our goal is to continue providing a fantastic event with great content and training for the information security community.” -- https://bsidesaustin.com/about/

Security Innovation sponsored this year's capture the flag contest. 
The website of this fictional bank had 30 vulnerabilities
and prizes went to those who found the most.
The overarching comment was: "It was harder this year
and the scores were lower."


Laurel and I have volunteered at BSides Austin and LASCON, the Lonestar Application Security Conference, both created and maintained largely by members of the local OWASP chapter. Laurel worked registration and I monitored the presentation rooms, taking head counts and thanking the speaker with a Starbucks gift card. We also presented. Laurel delivered on securing your home network with a Raspberry Pi and I spoke on physical security for data centers. 

For their conference swag, Blackhills Information Security
brought several games including interactive comics
and a complex card game (three decks). 

Our first computer security conference in Austin was BSides 2013 and then the benefit outreach was Hackers for Charity delivering to Uganda. Just about every white hat hacker gathering has some social engagements supporting local or international communities not usually served well by others. Laurel met Kids First Uganda through a cousin. She had quilts made from t-shirts from previous computer security conferences and those were offered for donated sale at BSides.

Wednesday, April 19, 2023

My First View of Saturn

On the Cloudy Nights discussion board for amateur astronomy the topic came up (as it does now and then), “What was your first telescope?” Some people who are newer to the hobby began with very modern instruments. Other replies came from long time stargazers who posted images of classic refractors from the 1970s. So far, 24 hours later, my post displayed the oldest instrument. I mentioned that I first saw Saturn with it. By running the celestial clock back, I was able to pinpoint the date: it was my mother’s birthday, August 2, 1959. The grown-ups were having a party and one of the doctors, a young resident, said, “That looks like a planet. Get your telescope.” I set it up on the backyard picnic table. He sighted it in and announced “Saturn” and then told me to find it. I did. It changed me more than did my first view through a microscope. 

He also pointed off to our right (west) and said, “That looks like Jupiter.” But there was nothing on which to prop the tabletop telescope. He told my mother that I needed a proper telescope and that happened some months later. It was a Criterion 4-inch reflector. But lacking any more guidance, I cannot remember having seen anything with it, the Moon maybe, but stars are just stars unless you have a proper target such as the Orion Nebula. Even though I had a membership in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and attended many planetarium shows, I never did any productive observing. 
 

Years later, 1981-1983, I took some directed study classes in celestial mechanics at Lansing Community College. In 2020, I completed an online class in astrophysics through the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne via edX. Since 2020, I have been editing This Month in Astronomical History for the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society. 

 

In 2014, my wife and daughter bought me a telescope for my 65th birthday. I chose an instrument that was most like the Criterion 4-inch reflector, a Celestron 130mm Equatorial mounted Newtonian reflector. I did not use it much for five years because I found the German equatorial mount cumbersome and the process of collimation frustrating. When I did use it, I benefited from the experience. It gave me many views of Saturn (and Jupiter and Mars), Messier 44 the Beehive Cluster, and on 2 December 2018, my first view of the Andromeda Galaxy.  

 

After donating it to the Goodwill, I bought myself an Explore Scientific 102mm refractor in October of 2020 (and later a better altitude-azimuth mount for it). That has been my “grab-n-go” these past two-and-a-half years. Right now, Saturn rises after 5:00 AM and it will be above the tree line by mid-May.

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Irene Louise Babos Marotta Joseph 

Tarzan, the Amazons, and My Mother 

My Grandmother and Science 

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Merry Newtonmas 2020 

Saturn-Jupiter Conjunction 2020  

Binary Star Project 

Recent Astronomical Observing  


Wednesday, March 29, 2023

The Little Black Bag: Medical Care as a Faustian Bargain

“Every doctor tells me something different,” I said.

The doctor replied, “That’s why we call them opinions.”


We benefited from a daylong conference about multiple myeloma hosted by the HealthTree Foundation of Lehi, Utah, and held at the Thompson Conference Center on the UT Austin  campus. Four oncologists presented guidelines, recommendations, and recent findings in both morning and afternoon sessions. At lunch, two of them joined us at our table. Overall, I am looking forward to a longer timeline in a better situational context. Most encouraging was that my new goal of ten years will likely include alternative options and improved treatments. In fact, for the oncologist one of the challenges is the long list of approved drugs already available. For the patient, each one comes with an array of annoying or debilitating side effects from diarrhea to blindness and coronary arrest. That being as it may, the conference started out with a strong positive statement about the ongoing research: “It is a story of hope.”

 

It is also important to consider whatever else might ail you. “Try to avoid the chronic health issues of a fulltime patient” such as diabetes and high blood pressure. That speaks to the sociology of oncology. Treatments are not so readily available for those lacking social capital. Of the fifty or so attendees, every one looked like us: middle class people with health insurance. Nonetheless, I am in a support group that meets (virtually) once a month and of the ten or twelve of us, we have ten or twelve different stories. My catchphrase is: “Predictions are statistical; outcomes are individual.”

 

When the Plague struck, I mixed every concoction I could think of and half of my patients died by my hand and the ones who survived called me their savior. -- Faust

 

Hier war die Arzeney, die Patienten starben,

Und niemand fragte: wer genas?

So haben wir, mit höllischen Latwergen,

In diesen Thälern, diesen Bergen,

Weit schlimmer als die Pest getobt.

Ich habe selbst den Gift an Tausende gegeben,

Sie welkten hin, ich muß erleben

Daß man die frechen Mörder lobt.

Faust, Erster Teil, Vor dem Thor.

 

This was our medicine; the patients died,

“Who were restored?” none cared to ask.

With our infernal mixture thus, ere long,

These hills and peaceful vales among,

We rag'd more fiercely than the pest;

Myself the deadly poison did to thousands give;

They pined away, I yet must live,

To hear the reckless murderers blest.

Faust, Part I. Before the City Gate.

Translated by Bayard Taylor 

 

Having moved 25 km south of Austin, I decided to find a cardiologist closer to home. The first one spent so little time with me–not 120 full seconds—that when I got down to my car, I stopped, turned around and went back in to insist on a consultation. I asked specifically about the side effects of oncology treatments and he was surprised. So, he set an appointment with another specialist. 

 

I told that specialist that I have no knowledge of my own anatomy. Speaking to each other at the same time, I asked if I have a mitral valve prolapse—“Do you have a mitral valve prolapse?”—or a bicuspid aorta—“Do you have a bicuspid aorta?”—and how does the murmur sound—“Do you have a murmer?” He stopped. “You are asking me while I am asking you.” 

Yes. I had an echo cardiogram the other day. Everyone listens to my heart. What can you tell me? 

“We will know more when you have a CT scan.”

 

On the way home, I remembered “The Little Black Bag” by Cyril M. Kornbluth. 

 

I forget things and that concerns me. So, I scheduled an Alzheimer’s assessment with a neurologist. I passed. She said that I have only (mild) age-related cognitive impairment. “It’s normal,” she said. “I don’t believe that it is normal,” I replied. “People like you never do,” she said. 

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

How Do You Make God Laugh? 

Welcome to the Future 

Bob Swanson and Genentech 

Misconduct in Science and Research 

Friday, March 17, 2023

What Color is the Orion Nebula?

On the Cloudy Nights discussion board, the question of the nominally “true” color of Messier 42 as well as many other nebulae and stars has been tossed up for discussion. One frequent contributor to the board insisted that he could see pink in the Orion Nebula and, moreover, that anyone who could not suffered from defective vision. Another stalwart relied on standards that he derived from measurements made during daylight photography of other objects and from those defended his interpretive photographic processing. These are examples of confirmation bias: the operator is first pleased by an image and then finds objective reasons supporting the choice. 

At the same time, chatrooms across the internet, apparently starting at Reddit and soon including Gizmodo and Ars Technica, were abuzz about Samsung’s claim that its artificial intelligence learning algorithm enhanced a photograph of the Moon taken with a Galaxy S21 Ultra. In fact, the software recognized the object as the Moon and added details from other images. This was not an isolated example of artificial enhancement. 

When photography became available for astronomy, subjective experience was supposed to have been removed. Perhaps the best case was the Orion Nebula, first photographed by Henry Draper and Mary Ann Palmer Draper on 30 September 1880. (See “The Drapers’ First Photograph of Messier 42” here: https://aas.org/posts/news/2022/10/month-astronomical-history-september-2022 By that time, the Orion Nebula had been rendered in drawings for almost 200 years. One consequence of all the attention was that the representations tended to converge to a common understanding: they started to look alike. Now they do not.

 

https://phys.org/news/2013-03-astrophoto-beautiful-orion-nebula.html


To me, the most important fact is that astronomers explore and record Messier 42 and the rest of the universe in different wavelengths and we can only reproduce the very narrow visible band: x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, and radio waves must be transduced into some false color presentation. The 3500 stars otherwise hidden by the dust and gas in the Orion Nebula were only revealed with infrared imaging. (See The Orion Nebula: Where Stars are Born by C. Robert O’Dell, Harvard University Press, 2003.) The nebula itself is a complex space of emissions and reflections. Therefore, many valid transductions are possible.

 

A more informative discussion would start with which species is doing the viewing. 

“In comparison, butterflies and mantis shrimp have a dozen classes
[of sensory cells] to cover a broader range of the spectrum
(from deep ultraviolet to far red light), which gives them hyperspectral vision.” 


Geographers call it "ground truth." When you have a photograph that shows yellow, is that reflection, subtraction, filtering, or emission? You do not know until you go there for yourself. I completed my master's degree in 2010 with two classes in geographic information systems. One of our projects was to present our university stadium. Our school colors were green and white. The concrete was painted green. So were the wooden seats. The field was artificial turf, also green. Surrounding the field were real living green plants, from grass and shrubs to trees. The assignment was to sort out the wavelengths of imaging and deliver an informative presentation.

 

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Why Evidence is not Enough 

Galileo and Saturn: Epistemology not Optics 

Visualizing Complex Data 

Knowledge Maps

 

 

Friday, March 3, 2023

Fake Americans

As a contractor in information technology, I usually work for placement and consulting firms. It is easier for me to be a W-2 employee though for my most recent project I was direct on a 1099. Very many placement firms headquartered in India have US addresses and through VOIP and other tools their recruiters have US phone numbers. I accept it all as a benefit of our global marketplace. Moreover, working in sales myself, I have been encouraged to take a less ethnic name for working on the phone, being "Michael Martin" as needed. So, I understand: If your name is Ramakrishna Suryadevara, you can be Kris Devara or Randy Devara or whaever. But there's a limit.


It was not that he called himself "Paul Miller" but that he flew the flag.
Many people are surprised to learn that non-citizens can serve in the American military. We are a nation of immigrants. Military service is one way to prove that you deserve to be a citizen. I had uncles born on the other side of the ocean who served in World War II (in our army, of course). We had a family narrative from the distaff side about a friend who voted illegally and when arrested showed his battle scars (from World War I) to the judge insisting that they gave him the right to vote. Somehow the authorities cleared up the paperwork for him. Anyway, people who serve in the military pick up American slang and drop many of their foreign habits. In fact, that story is the narrative behind the "Go for Broke" stamps of the US Postal Service that celebrate ethnic Japanese who fought in the American armed forces during World War II. It so happened that the Hawaiians did not understand that their buddies from the mainland had come from concentration camps ("relocation centers") until they were given a tour. There's a lot of lessons out there.

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Tuesday, February 14, 2023

Mutiny Aboard the San Antonio

On 14 February 1842, some time before midnight, Lt. Charles Fuller, officer on deck of the Texas Navy schooner San Antonio, met a mob of sailors with marines in the front, all wanting to go ashore. Fuller ordered the marines to arms to take control of the mob. Instead, Marine Sgt. Oswald Seymour attacked Dearborn with a tomahawk. Marine Pvt. Benjamin Pompilly shot Lt. Fuller. Rushing to their aid, Midshipman William Henry Allen was shot in the foot. Midshipman T. H. Odell was shot in the thigh. Marine Pvt. Antonio Landois bayoneted Fuller. At that point Boatswain Frederick Shepherd intervened, shoving Landois. The wounded officers were dragged below deck. As Lt. Fuller lay dying on deck, the passing mutineers clubbed and stabbed him. The mutineers then took two boats and made for shore. New Orleans city police and United States Marines quickly rounded up the runaways.

 

At 12:20 PM on 26 April 1843, aboard the Texian Navy flagship Austin, four men were hanged for their mutiny on the night of 14 February 1842, while their ship, the TN San Antonio was in port anchored off Slaughterhouse Point, New Orleans. Much about the events was then and remains now questionable. Commodore Edwin Moore published his own history of the Texian navy, in part to answer accusations that he acted without authority when he ordered the court martial and then the executions aboard his ship. Histories of the mutiny aboard the San Antonio written either then or now do not refer to a similar incident aboard the US Navy Brig-of-War Somers, when the captain of the ship, Commander Alexander Slidell Mackenzie ordered the execution by hanging of an officer and two sailors on the charge of mutiny on 1 December 1842.

 

Although four men—Antonio Landois, William Simpson, Isaac Allen, and James Hudgans*—were hanged aboard the TN Austin, they were not the only mutineers. Marine Sergeant Seymour Oswald had escaped from prison in New Orleans and was never recaptured. Marine Corporal Benjamin Pompilly died in prison, supposedly giving a death-bed confession and an account of the attack on the officers. Seaman Thomas Rowan, whom Lt. Seeger had delivered to Commodore Moore aboard the Austin on 10 March 1842, a month after the mutiny in what must have been a Captain’s Mast hearing and not a court-martial for mutiny, was given 100 lashes. Boatswain Frederick Shepherd was found not guilty. Seaman John Williams was given 50 lashes as was the cook Edward Keenan. Seaman William Barrington may have received 100 lashes or probably only 50 based other published recollections.

*Variously spelled Huggins and Hudgins. Many of them were illiterate and signed their names with a mark or X.

 

April 26th 1843

P.M.

Still Beating for Telchae. At 11.30 Laid the Fore Top Sail to the mast & Hoisted the Colours. At 11.45 Called all hands to execute sentence of Court Martial when they were addressed by Comdre Moore on the Subject of Mutiny. At 12 the prisoners were carried Forward & placed upon the Scaffold[.] After addressing the Crew the Ropes were placed around their necks. Until this time they appeared to believe they would be pardoned & did not evince much fear but now the truth flashed upon them & they knew they had to pay the Penalty of their crimes & commenced praying eagerly & piteously for Pardon[.] At 12.20 the Signal Gun was Fired & the four Prisoners run up to the Fore Yard.

Lat at Meridian 23º31’03” N

The Journal of Alfred Walke, April 16-27, 1843.

https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/navy/al_walke_apr16-27_1843_3.html 


I first learned about the Texian navy when I saw pay warrants for sale in a dealer’s showcase at a coin show in Austin in the late winter of 2018. I had seen the more common and well-documented so-called “Red Back” notes of the Republic of Texas. The navy scrip was different from them and I bought the one on display and asked the dealer to have it certified. As that was in process, he found another and I bought that as well. At that time I was serving in the Maritime Regiment of the Texas State Guard where I was assigned as a technical specialist in future operations to the Texas National Guard. I donated both of them to the Brigadier General John C. L. Scribner Texas Military Forces Museum at Camp Mabry



I believe that the pay warrants provide evidence about the mutiny that has not been published elsewhere. I found corroborating evidence in the archives of the Texian navy at the Texas State Library and Archives Commission in Austin. 

 

Historians Jim Day Hill, Tom Henderson Wells, and Jonathan W. Jordan all make Marine Sergeant Seymour Oswald the ringleader. Indeed, surviving records agree that he was at the front of the gang when they cut down the officer of the watch. However, also among the mutineers was William Simpson who was one of the four hanged for their crimes. It is interesting that Simpson’s endorsement appears on the warrants originally issued to three other men (not mutineers). Simpson then signed over all four notes to Galveston store owner, Christopher Fox. 

Roster of Texian Navy Marines
As a boatswain’s mate, Simpson was a frontline supervisor and trainer. Social psychology and group dynamics suggest that Simpson may have been the instigator and ringleader. Even though the historians agree that Simpson was a Marine corporal at the time of his execution, his endorsements on the warrants all say “Boatswain’s Mate” and he does not appear in the muster book of Marines. Two fires that destroyed Republic archives leave many unanswered questions.

 

Pay Warrant issued to
William Simpson, Boatswain's Mate

One question that every author asks, some with more imagination than others, is why was discipline lost? Most authors assume that the men were drunk. Where did the men get the whiskey? Some authors follow each other in claiming that rogue merchants in small boats traded among the sailing ships. In point of fact, the Texian Navy floated on a sea of whiskey. I found seven receipts between 14 May 1841 and 6 December 1841, totaling 2527 gallons of whiskey. 

 

And then there was this for 10 February 1842 at New Orleans for another short barrel of 37-1/2 gallons "for immediate use." The full truth is that unlike this receipt, the whiskey usually was among other purchases for beans, rice, bread, butter, lard, beef, pork, molasses, vinegar, and fresh food as well. Even so, hardly any stores were brought aboard without whiskey.

 

It is axiomatic that historians rely on primary documents. Those sources are not always accurate. At the University of Texas Briscoe Center I found the Adams-Gilmore Family Papers. Many of the sheets were typewriter written, apparently from older handwritten diaries. One entry detailed a patriotic celebration at the first anniversary of Texas Independence. It said that Sam Houston nailed a $20 gold coin to a flag pole for any man who could climb to the top and place the Texas flag. No such coin existed at that time. The first US $20 Double Eagle was struck in quantity in 1850. 

 

Sources

[1.] “Pay Warrants of the Texas Navy,” Michael E. Marotta, The Numismatist, November 2020. 

[2.] “Pay Warrants of the Texian Navy,” Michael E. Marotta, ANA eLearning Academy, 4 August 2020. 

[3.] “Pay Warrants of the Texian Navy,” Michael E. Marotta, TNA News, September 2019.

[4.] Mabry Museum Receives Texian Navy Scrip, Texas Navy Association, Invincible Newsletter, July 2019.

[5.] “Texas” Whitman Encyclopedia of Obsolete Paper Money, Volume 7. [Michael E. Marotta, editor].

 

  • Bevill, James P. The Paper Republic: The Struggle for Money, Credit and Independence in the Republic of Texas. Houston: Bright Sky Press, 2009.
  • Eller, E. M. The Texas Navy. U.S. Navy Department. Naval History Division. January 1, 1968. (TMF Museum online archives at http://www.texasmilitaryforcesmuseum.org/articles/texasnavy/texasnavy.htm and online at University of North Texas archives https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth2419/)
  • Fischer, Ernest G. Robert Potter: Founder of the Texas Navy. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1976.
  • Gouge, William M. The Fiscal History of Texas Embracing an Account of its Revenues, Debts, and Currency from the Commencement of the Revolution in 1814 to 1851-52 with Remarks on American Debt. Philadelphia,1852; reprinted  New York, Burt Franklin, 1969.
  • Hill. Jim Dan. The Texas Navy in Forgotten Battles and Shirtsleeve Diplomacy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.
  • Jones, Anson. Memoranda and Official Correspondence Relating to the Republic of Texas Its History and Annexation 1836 to 1846. Chicago: The Rio Grande Press, Inc., 1966.
  • Jordan, Jonathan W. Lone Star Navy: Texas, the Fight for the Gulf of Mexico, and the Shaping of the American West. Washington, D. C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2006.
  • Medlar, Bob. Texas Obsolete Notes and Scrip. Society of Paper Money Collectors. San Antonio: R. A. Glasscock, 1969/
  • Olson, Joseph D. Texas Currency: A Catalog 1813-1868. San Antonio: Corporate Image; Waco: James D. Olson, 2006.
  • Siegel, Stanley. A Political History of the Texas Republic 1836-1845. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1956.
  • Wells, Tom Henderson. Commodore Moore and the Texas Navy. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960.

 

Websites

  • Handbook of Texas Online, Joseph Milton Nance, “REPUBLIC OF TEXAS,” accessed December 29, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mzr02.
  • Handbook of Texas Online, James M. Daniel, “TEXAS NAVY,” accessed December 29, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qjt02.
  • Handbook of Texas Online, Marie Giles, “MOORE, EDWIN WARD,” accessed December 29, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmo24.
  • The Texas navy: Fortune Favors the Brave. “THE YUCATAN ALLIANCE,” accessed January 18, 2019, https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/navy/alliance.html
  • Texas Navy Association https://texasnavy.org/Resources/Documents/Historical/General/Texas_Navy_Bibliography.pdf
  • Wikipedia, The First Texas Navy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Texas_Navy

Museums and Libraries

  • Brigadier General John C. L. Scribner Texas Military Forces Museum, Camp Mabry, 3038 West 35th Street, Austin, Texas 78703, P.O Box 5218, Austin, Texas 78763. 
  • Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin, 2300 Red River St, Austin, Texas 78712
  • Texas State Library and Archives Commission, 1201 Brazos Street, P.O. Box 12927, Austin, Texas 78711

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

 

The Texas Navy 

The Somers Mutiny 

A Few Good Men: a Few Deep Flaws 

JAG: Ten Seasons of Military Bearing 

Texans Serving Texas