Showing posts with label computers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label computers. Show all posts

Sunday, June 21, 2026

Generative Artificial Intelligence: As Big as it is, it is only a Program

We ignored the warnings from Mary Shelly, Thea von Harbou, Karel Čapek, and Colossus: The Forbin Project (1966) by Dennis Feltham Jones. The Hegelian dialectic predicts that the terror of the artificial human must have created its own contradiction and it did: the Apple Macintosh 1984 Super Bowl Commercial and everything it validated from Thomas Edison (“All I ask of my body is that it carry my brain around.”) to Alan Turing (he, him, G), Grace Hopper (0111), and the nerds of Silicon Valley. 

We made everyone a computer programmer. Some of us started earlier than others. We made it as easy as possible. 


For the people who never learned to program before, the user interface is as easy as a Google search or a Word document. Just ask. The program (measured against 1985) is an extremely large and complex compiler with a natural-language interpreter as the primary user interface. 


The Mercedes Maybach S 680 Brabus 
will not make coffee. It only does
extremely well what it was programmed to do.


The integrating truth which unites the two sides of the AI Dialectic to create the Synthesis which will result in a new Thesis, is that we all have been programming machines all of our lives. Aristotle never tuned a radio. Even given the wonderful opportunity, Plato would not get his hands dirty lubricating the powertrain of a steam engine. (Granted, there was Archimedes and it is a thin hypothesis that he built the Antikythera Device.) From learning to ride a bicycle, playing with Erector Sets, TinkerToys, and Legos and then learning to drive a car (and change a tire), we grew up interacting with machines.

I answered an ad from Murrary Resources, technical recruiters,
for a technical writer. "You do not look all that human to me,"
the human resources applicant tracking AI said to me.

A cogent comment on LinkedIn.
However, I replied:

"When the devil tempts you he will not come with fire and claws.
He will ask you to comprise a little bit just this once.  
Aaron Altman to Jane Craig in Broadcast News
."
Because of Clippy, people stopped learning to write letters.

The Antikythera Device ran for a century or so, three lifetimes: created, admired, and never to be repeated. Scholars who study the device wonder and discuss whether and to what extent this was the work of one person. It has no simpler precursors, no antecedent subassemblies. The common informed wisdom includes the fact that this wonderful astronomical computer also, incidentally, was used to set the dates of religious ceremonies, which for the Greeks necessarily included stadium games. 


I ask: What if civic religion and social rituals were the purpose; and the path to that solution included the attendant abilities to track the planets? 


I suggest: It took a lifetime to build (three generations: one brainiac with minions), ran for a lifetime, and was lost in transport, falling into the sea for 2000 years. Would the loss of a single sword have benchmarked the existence of swords and how to make them? Many people could make swords. Not-many people built the Antikythera.


For 2000 years, the standard calculator was the abacus: no gears, no sundial, no pointers. It does have an accumulator and a register but no one ever called them that. 

GOSUB coffcoff. Despite their pretenses, programmers (now “devops”; formerly “data processing"), are just another class of users, like clericals and sales. They have other interfaces and presentations. Programmers will not tell you this, but they write with an “Application Development System” or “Program Developer Kit” which is a spellchecker for code. It is all colorized and color coded. If the programmer makes a mistake, the colors show that. Sometimes, the line itself will not accept an <Enter> if there is a bug on the line. That sure makes life easy. They now have “no code application development.” The programmers get to <quote> focus on higher level problems </quote> (ahem, coff-coff). RETURN.

Two hundred years ago, Charles Babbage built the Differential Engine and Lady Ada Lovelace programmed it. It took another lifetime for the world to catch on and catch up. The MIT “hackers” of the 1950s built model railroad switching systems from donated Bell Telephone racks. A hundred years ago, it had been suggested that in theory you could use your telephone to select and listen to a symphony orchestra in a distant city. 


Instead, we had broadcast radio—with commercials—an ethereal instantiation of newspapers, themselves an invention from only one previous century. 

Mathematicians complain about AI.

“First, it points out how AI models can “produce plausible but unreliable (or even incorrect) arguments which are difficult to distinguish from correct mathematical proofs.” Such developments put reviewers under increasing pressure and are “jeopardizing our ability to implement traditional standards for the correctness, transparency, and independent verifiability of proof,” the declaration warns.”

 — https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/06/mathematicians-warn-of-ai-threats-to-profession-as-industry-encroaches/

https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/06/mathematicians-warn-of-ai-threats-to-profession-as-industry-encroaches/#:~:text=“Mathematicians should find it quite,College London, in a statement.

However, no one spoke out against human mathematicians when Andrew Wiles announced his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem on 23 June 1993 at a lecture in Cambridge titled "Modular Forms, Elliptic Curves and Galois Representations". As it was told in Fermat’s Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World’s Greatest Mathematical Problem by Simon Singh (New York: Walker, 1997; Anchor Doubleday, 1998), it was just another conference, but at the end of day one, the science journalists in the hall began calling their colleagues and by day three the place was packed. Andrew Wiles had proved Fermat’s Last Theorem. 


Or did he?


Again from the Singh work, closer inspection later by mathematicians at Wiles’s level revealed flaws in the proof. Wiles went back to work with a ream of white paper and a cup of sharp pencils. It took him three years. No one blamed him or his school or his parents. Instead, they gave him a medal. 

LET WORDS = 1024

The essential error in using AI (or a calculator) is seeking to avoid responsibility for choice and therefore not accepting responsibility for the consequences of your actions. Imagine that for an algebra class, you bought the instructor’s edition and copied out the answers to turn in for your homework. We recognize that as cheating. 



What if the book is wrong? Typos happen. The answer in the back can be wrong. A friend of mine had a math teacher who could not accept that the book was wrong. The kids did the problem correctly. Her book said that they were wrong. They met her after school (in the classroom, not the parking lot) and walked her through the answer. As it was told to me, the teacher refused to budge: the book could not be wrong. (She also called integers “intriguers”  perhaps indicating the challenge she found in high school maths.) So, AI can be wrong. Where is the surprise in that? 

Silicon Valley by Michael Rogers (Simon and Schuster, 1982).

"[Burt] Mathias is a self-made businessman who built the computer firm Solitron into a multimillion-dollar corporation. His college friend and partner, Alan Steinberg, is the computer genius of the operation, who explores the farthest reaches of computer intelligence while Mathias manages the finances. But Mathias stands on the brink of personal and professional ruin, about to lose both his wife and his business. To save Solitron from bankruptcy, he must gamble everything on whether Steinberg can perfect the first computer ever to simulate human consciousness. And once the job is complete, there is only one way to prove this remarkable ability to the incredulous world: the Turing Test..." (from the cover). 

As I remember the story, Mathias gamed the game by choosing as the human contestant, one of his own programmers, because who else would talk like a computer?



Big Bang Theory, NUMB3RS, NCIS,
Bones, Grey's Anatomy, replacing 
Leave it to Beaver, I Love Lucy, Lassie,
and Happy Days.

Clippy only does what it is programmed to do. The kids could prove their case, not just by working the problem but, had they chosen, via other paths. One of my physics professors, Dr. Alan Saaf at Lansing Community College, was answering homework questions at the blackboard. “I don’t understand number 3. …. How do you do number 5?... What equation do you use for number 1?...” He was going along and then he stopped. “You people would go out in the backyard and shoot hoops for 45 minutes and not make a single shot and still say you had a good time. How long did you spend on number 4? How many ways did you try to solve it?” 

There are over 300 proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem (one by Pres. James Garfield). The kids knew that the book was wrong because it contradicted known, provable truths. Clippy and Claude and the folk lack judgment.



This is an old problem among humans. In Computer Power and Human Reason: from Judgment to Calculation (1976), Joseph Weizenbaum warned of hackers whom he compared to compulsive gamblers. Driven by the superstition that one more patch will fix their problems, they stay up late, bleary-eyed and disheveled, working ever more frantically on a program they began without any reference to the substantive literature in the field in which they claim to be working. They are like gamblers who compulsively build complex rituals to control the game. 


Gamblers and Programmers


On the Cloudy Nights discussion board, which is mostly dedicated to chat about observational astronomy, in the forum for “Science! Astronomy, Space Exploration, and Others,” a topic title was the question “What can’t artificial intelligence do?”  The introductory post started: “We have made machines that can play chess better than we can. We are close to making machines that can write novels better than we can. Threshold question. Is there a limit? I can see no reason that there should be. The interesting question. What happens when we can make machines that can do everything better than we can?” In 100 replies, I was the only person who pointed out that while an AI could write a better novel, the novel itself was an invention. I received just one "like" for the comment. 

In a machine shop, there was a sign wrapped along the top of the walls: Good judgment comes from experience. Unfortunately, experience comes from poor judgment.  


For Cloudy Nights, I wrote: "(As far as we know) only humans can invent something new. You can say that an AI can write a novel better than a human, but the novel is an invention. As a form of narration and history, the novel is relatively recent. Poetry - epic poetry - was first. And before poems were invented, people made lists of things. ... Painting as we know it evolved in a series of quantum leaps. By the 4th century BCE graphical realism had achieved what we regard as modern techniques. The "Renaissance Masters" of Holland painted in a hyper-realistic style that violated "natural" vision. See The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan Van Eyck.  If you were in the room where the painter stood, you would not see the image in the mirror at the back the way it is presented in the painting. It is hyper-real. Impressionism, Expressionism, Abstract, ...  Performance Art.... That is the essential distinguishing characteristic that explains the difference between human intelligence and machine intelligence."

https://necessaryfacts.blogspot.com/2023/06/invisible-cheating-and-visible-rights.html

PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Documentation is Specification 

Denise Schmandt-Besserat: Accounting for Civilization

Denise Schmandt-Besserat: Art as Ordered Narrative

Love, Loss, and Redemption in Atlas Shrugged 

Atlas Shrugged Part 3: Who is John Galt

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The Antikythera Device



Monday, March 9, 2026

To Find Treasure, Read an Enchanted Scroll

He recommended that I write my documentation in TeX (“tech”), a typesetting language developed by Donald Knuth. As a result, I was hired by a medical records firm deeply invested in TeX for documentation. As it happened, TeX was the basis for SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language. SGML became HTML. In the meantime, I served as the secretary of our local DECUS chapter and produced the quarterly newsletter in TeX. In addition to writing the system maintenance manual for a MicroVAX, I also documented the game of Moria on the VAX using TeX. When HTML was invented, it was pretty easy for me to figure out. — https://necessaryfacts.blogspot.com/2013/08/claude-m-watson-1922-2013.html

"One of the major areas where TeX holds its own is as a “back end” to SGML and XML systems, where no human intervention is expected between data input (structured, not WYSIWYG) and removing the output from the printer or viewing it on a screen. Granted, this isn't “creative” in the sense most often discussed, but it's still important to the readability and usefulness of such documents that care is taken with the design and typography, and the flexibility and programmability of TeX makes that possible.

"In summary, TeX is a special-purpose programming language, and the program that interprets the language, that is the centerpiece of a typesetting system that produces publication quality mathematics (and surrounding text), available to and usable by individuals." https://www.tug.org/whatis.html


CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network 

- https://ctan.org/tex?lang=en



%This is written in Donald Knuth's  \TeX 


\font\reg=amr10 scaled\magstep1

\font\ty=amtt10 scaled\magstep1

\font\sl=amsl10 scaled\magstep1

\font\it=ammi10 scaled\magstep1 

\font\nt=amssbx10 scaled\magstep0 


\def\nl{\hfil\break} 

\def\cl{\centerline} 

\def\ll{\leftline} 

\def\rl{\rightline} 

\def\p{\indent} 

\def\ub{\underbar}


\reg

\cl{A guide to {\nt{Rogue: The Dungeons of Doom}}}

\vskip.1in

The game of {\nt{Rogue}} was developed by Michael C. Toy, Kenneth C.R.C. Arnold, Jon Lane and Glenn Wichman.  Jon lane adapted the game for the IBM-PC.  It is marketed by Artificial Intelligence and Epyx.  This copy is pirated.


The object of the game is to fight your way down 26 levels to retrieve the {\sl{Amulet of Yendar},} then bring the Amulet up to the surface.

\vskip.1in


\ll{{\ty{\ub{Keyboard \& Keypad}}}}

\vskip.1in



You move left, right, up down and diagonally by using the cursor control keys on the numeric keypad.  To strike a monster, move into it.  If the monster is to the left, use the left arrow key.  Some {\ty{qwerty}} keys will also move you.


Function key {\ty{F1}} is {\ty{Help}.}


Function key {\ty{F3}} is the {\ty{Repeat}.}  If you want to throw a bunch of darts, press numeric keypad $+$ {\ty{(plus)}}, then the direction key, then the {\ty{qwerty}} key that corresponds to your darts.  To repeat the throwing sequence, press {\ty{F3}.}

 

Function key {\ty{F9}} is programmable. If you press {\ty{F9}} you will see the version number.  You can then key in {\ty{ALT-F9}} to program it, for instance with 3s to search the same place 3 times.


Function key {\ty{F10}} is the {\ty{Boss Key}.}  Press it and the screen goes blank and shows the MS-DOS  {\ty{C>}} prompt.


The {\ty{Del}} key is for waiting.  The {\ty{Ins}} key takes you down a stair case.  {\ty{Scroll Lock}} turns on {\ty{Fast Play}.}  You will dash down hallways and across rooms.


Pay close attention to {\ty{CASE}.}  UPPER CASE `T' means `Take off Armor' while lower case `t' means `throw weapon'.


\settabs 4 \columns

\+&{\ty{Key}}&{\nt{Function}}\cr

\vskip.1in

\+&{$+$}(plus)&throw weapon\cr

\+&{$-$}(minus)&zap with wand or staff\cr

\+&{$<$}&go UP stairs --- if you have the Amulet\cr

\+&{$>$}&go DOWN --- same as as {\ty{Ins}.}\cr

\+&e&eat\cr

\+&i&inventory\cr

\+&T&Take off armor\cr

\+&W&Wear armor\cr

\+&P&Put on ring\cr

\+&R&Remove ring\cr

\+&r&read a scroll\cr

\+&q&quaff a potion\cr

\+&w&wield a weapon\cr

\+&d&drop something\cr

\+&s&search\cr

\+&S&Save game\cr

\+&t&throw weapon\cr

\+&z&zap with wand or staff\cr


You can {\ub{repeat}} an action by keying in numbers.  10s means `search this spot 10 times' and 17{\ty{Del}} means `wait 17 turns'.


\par\vfill\eject


\ll{\nt{Statistics}}

\vskip.1in

At the bottom of the screen, you will see what Physical Level you are on, how many Hits you can take, how much Strength you have, how much Gold you have accumulated, the strength of your Armor and what your Experience Level is.


Also, hidden in the software are other stats typical of D-and-D games: such as your dexterity and luck. 


Your Experience Level increases with the doubling of experience points.  You get, say, 1 point for killing a Bat and 20 or so points for killing an Aquator.  At the start of the game you have 10 Experience Points.  At 20 points, you increase your Experience Level and Hit Points.  Also at 40, 80, ..., 2560,... 


When you die, your rank is determined by 90\% of the Gold you have found.

\vskip.1in


\ll{\nt{Hademetry}}

\vskip.1in

Generally, each level is layed out as a 3-by-3 array of rooms.  As you move lower and lower, this is mutated.  Rooms are replaced by mazes or hallways.  At any level, one or more room will be missing.  You will develop a sense of rightness, a feel for whether or not there should be a room or a passage.  A wall of a room will look solid until you {\ty{s = search}} along it.

\vskip.1in


\ll{\it{Scrolls}}

\vskip.1in

Scrolls are made up of random syllable that change with each game. {\it{Glows\ blue}} means enchant weapon or armor. {\it{Red \ hands}} is confuse monster (after you hit it).  {\it{Maniacal \ laughter}} is scare monster and the laughing means you wasted the scroll.  You have to stand on this scroll.  When facing a tough guy, like a Troll or a Jaberwocky, {\ty{d = drop}} this scroll and the monster will not harm you.  Try to pick it up again and it crumbles to dust.  {\it{High \ pitched \ humming}} is aggravate monsters: they come looking for you.  {\it{Someone \ watching \ over \ you}} is remove curse and you can deal with cursed armor or weapon.  There are also Teleport, Identify and Create Monster.  If a scroll seems to do nothing, it is probably Hold Monster and you must have a monster in the room or hallway with you.  The blank scroll does nothing. 

\vskip.1in 


\ll{\nt{Potions}}

\vskip.1in

Potions come in colors (including plaid!) that change with each game.  They can restore your strength ({\nt{`warm all over'}}), heal you, poison you and blind you, increase your Experience Level, and allow you to see monsters, magic, and food in other rooms. {\nt{Mango juice}} is  `see invisible' which allows you to perceive otherwise invisible Phantoms and will also cure blindess.  (Healing and Extra Healing will also cure blindess.) 


\par\vfill\eject


\ll{\nt{Rings}}

Alas, there is no ring to rule them all -- which is probably just as well: it would only corrupt you.  Rings use up food.  Cursed rings include {\nt{Aggravate Monster, Teleportation, Negative strength, Negative damage, and Negative dexterity}.}  Good rings include {\nt{Stealth}} (for sneaking up on otherwise awake monsters), {\nt{Slow digestion,}} and {\nt{Positive strength, dexterity, etc}.} A scroll of {\it{Remove \ curse}} will allow you to Remove a cursed ring.

\vskip.1in

\ll{\sl{Wands and Staffs}}

\vskip.1in

Wands and staffs are made of various metals and woods.  They work the same kinds of magic.  In one game a Mercury Wand will be Haste Monster; in another game Haste Monster will be and Oak Staff.  There are also lightning, cold, Hold Monster, teleport to, teleport away, slow monster, light, striking and magic missile. 

\vskip.1in 

\ll{\nt{Weapons and Armor}}

\vskip.1in

Dagger, spear, bows and arrows, bolts, mace, long sword and two handed sword.  Clearly, the larger the weapon the better it is. If you wield a bow, it will increase the effectiveness of an arrow you throw (unless the bow is cursed, of course).

\vskip.1in

Leather, studded leather, ring, chain, banded, and plate.  The heavier it is, the better it will protect you.  There is some leeway in this.  Obviously, ring mail with a rating of {$+3$ \ 7}  is better than plate mail of {0\ 4.} Cursed armor is always a drag.  Wearing (or carrying around) heavy armor uses is food but is generally worth it.  Interestingly enough, if you Win the Game and cash in at the Thieves' Guild, they pay well for armor because it doesn't do you any good while you are fighting your way ``there and back again''.  That is, carrying around five suits of plate mail won't do you as much good as a couple of staves of Lightning, a Scare Monster and a couple of Extra healings.  If you get the Amulet of Yendar, you can load up on armor on your way back up the stairs.


Aquators rust armor.  Aquators cannot rust Leather.

\vskip.1in


\ll{\nt{Monsters}}

There are 26 of them, from Aquator to Zombie.  The lower you go, the uglier they get.  Leprechauns steal your gold and Nymphs steal anything in your inventory. Get across the room and shoot them with arrows.)  Vampires make you weak and Wraiths drain away your Experience.  Rattlesnakes take your Strength.  (There is a wand of {\it{Cancellation} } which will negate those powers.)


\ll{\nt{Summary}}

\vskip.1in

There is more to the game.  The above should get you started.  There have been some interesting theories about the design philosophy.  For instance, the game knows the {\ty{ROGUE.SRC}} scoreboard file and will set the environment accordingly.  Do not expect to find the Amulet of Yendar on the first try: you have to establish a track record.  Some believe that it is the number of steps you can take before you die, or the level you will die on, is fixed when the program starts. Other believe that there exists a maximum allocation of your magic you can win the first time you play.  Indeed, those who have played Dungeons and Dragons tend to do better at Rogue than those who do not.  

Good luck. 


\bye 



PREVIOUSLY ON NECESSARY FACTS

Ruby Methods the Ruby Way 

Digital Literacy and Artificial Intelligence

Visualizing Complex Data

Knowledge Maps

Fortune Cookie in Hex Code