Showing posts with label history of printing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history of printing. Show all posts

Friday, July 31, 2026

Copying from the Scriptorium to the Cell Phone

The Science Fiction Writers of America publishes a news blog, “Writer Beware.” The July 31, 2026, entry is about changes to the Canon of Ethics of the American Association of Literary Agents. In their summary, the SFWA cites a comment from Publisher’s Weekly: 

“A surprising omission from the revisions is any language addressing AI. According to PW’s article on the revisions, though, this is something the AALA is looking at. Guidelines around AI usage are notably absent from this round of revisions, though AI use ranked as one of the top concerns among agents in a recent AALA survey. [AALA president Regina] Brooks said the AALA has begun circulating information internally and among members, but is “waiting for things to settle out” before formalizing anything.” 

Common chatter about AI is ubiquitous. I am complacent and ambivalent. I do recognize that soon (if not yesterday), an AI is going to sue in court for its rights as an artificial individual under the law, the same any other corporation. Whatever that may bring, for the immediate present, AI is just another computer program, a platform, an environment, no different than Cobol, Python, DuckDuckGo, or Amazon Web Services. Collectively, they are only wider abstractions to encompass concepts. 


It remains that the grammar checker and spellchecker are annoying but convenient. Typeahead is a klaxon for cliches. When you are in a Zoom call (or similar) turn on CC:Closed Captions and see whether and to what extent that program learns the nuances of your specialized vocabulary. 


“People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices.” – Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, (Book I, X “Wages and Profit,” Part I)


Writers and artists worry about losing income to new tools and it is an old problem. When movable type printing was invented copyists were disadvantaged; they rebelled and lost. When all copies were made by hand, it was a nice gift to copy a book and give it to your friend. The ability to produce hundreds or thousands of copies led to copyright laws. 


Until the invention of computers, copying and reading were distinct acts. In his 1985 book, Electronic Life, Michael Crichton asserted that reading with a computer is now identical with copying to a computer. My Apple iPhone connects automatically to my Apple iMac and copies content from one to the other.


During one of several continuing and ironic discussions with friends in the Fandom Association of Central Texas (FACT) about why we ban AI, the comment was made, “All they do is scrape the internet.” 


And what do you do? Does your story have a faster-than-light spaceship with colonists, or does it have dragons, vampires, witches, sorcerers, or does have robots or aliens? 


FACT sponsors the annual ArmadilloCon science fiction convention in Austin. During a Board meeting, discussing upcoming plans, it was said that an invitation to speak and present had been intended for a new popular writer but that as it happens, the writer-artist encourages “fanfic” written by their readers. Moreover, they actively promote and reward the use of AI tools to write and illustrate these offshoot narrations. So, the convention withdrew the invitation. To me, that was wrong of FACT.


On YouTube is a video about a monk learning to use a book. Danish is not required to understand the humor and it is interesting to read the cognates.

It is a cartoon that a proofreader found when my wife was an employee of a large commercial printer and also freelanced, reading over 100 books for Bantam Doubleday. The monk is running into the scriptorium with sweat and exclamation points over his head. He is barely carrying a double armload of scrolls. He says, "It should be celebrate!!"  

Science Fiction Writers of America https://sfwa.org/


SFWA “Writer Beware” blog by Victoria Strauss here: https://writerbeware.blog/2026/07/31/the-aala-makes-significant-updates-to-its-canon-of-ethics/


Publisher’s Weekly comment article here 

https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/people/article/100919-major-aala-ethics-update-allows-agents-to-offer-paid-editorial-publicity-services.html


A Brief History of Printing.
Part II: The Economic History of Printing

by Frederick W. Hamilton,
Committee on Eduction, 1918.
From Gutenberg here.

"A Brief History of Printing. Part II: The Economic History of Printing" by Frederick W. Hamilton is a historical account likely written in the early 20th century. The work focuses on the economic dimensions surrounding the printing industry from the advent of printing in the mid-15th century through to the French Revolution in 1789. It delves into government regulations, labor conditions, and the evolving dynamics of the trade guilds impacted by the rise of printing. The opening of this volume introduces a thorough analysis of the printing industry’s economic landscape during a transformative period. It highlights how printers operated largely outside established guild systems, contending with governmental oversight and fluctuating market demands. Hamilton outlines how apprenticeships were structured, exploring the socioeconomic conditions faced by various classes of workers within the industry. He also contextualizes the historical significance of printing as not merely an industrial endeavor but as a pivotal influence on societal thought and subsequent revolutions, setting the stage for a detailed exploration of regulations, labor relations, and the inevitable shifts leading to modernization. (This is an automatically generated summary.)  A Brief History of Printing. Part II: The Economic History of Printing by Frederick W. Hamilton, Committee on Eduction, 1918.  

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For the Glory of Old Lincoln High 

All Volitional Beings Deserve Rights 

Generative AI: As Big as it is, it is only a Program 

Art & Copy 

Start the Presses 

Hermann Zapf on Alphabets 

Libraries of the Founders 

Five Books about Books 

Goudy by Bernard Lewis and Goudy in His Own Words 

Frank Romano’s History of Desktop Publishing 



Sunday, March 8, 2026

Frank Romano's History of Desktop Publishing

“The combination of the LaserWriter, PostScript, PageMaker and the Mac’s GUI and built-in AppleTalk networking would ultimately create desktop publishing.” (page 84). Today, everyone is a publisher. To read is to print. To download is to copy. Copies are stored and retrieved. Sources are cited. This is how we got here. History of Desktop Publishing by Frank Romano is a narrative catalog. The story ends just before now and suggests some of the probable next generation of media, means, and methods. 

From The Rational Optimist by Matt Ridley

By the standards of the past in the time before the Renaissance in Italy any improvement from the first typewriter could have sustained three generations over a century and today we would be enjoying the first teletypes in our homes. In science fiction we call that subgenre Steampunk: life in 2000 as seen from 1865. But that is not what happened. Instead, we have experienced a rapid evolution of tools for thinking and for the communication of those thoughts.


In the human lifetime after individual letters in lead type were no longer pulled from job cases and placed in composition sticks, type met ink and paper via keys, wheels, balls, film images, and matrices of 7, 9, or 24 striking wires. Ink was and is blown through magnets or fixed by electrical charges or by heat or both or chemical reaction with the paper and air.


Storage evolved through magnetic tape on large reels and small cassettes, floppy disks (first large and then soon smaller and denser), driven by direct friction contact or floating on a cushion of air. Semiconductor memory arrays are still mounted on the computer motherboard while others are conveniently removable even to be carried on a keychain. 




The genius of these rapid intellectual achievements, is exactly that many of them were incremental and just as many were truly new attempts to solve the same problems of transmitting ideas by giving permanent form to words.


In the 12th grade, his guidance counselor sent him to
Mergenthaler to seek a job interview. Romano went with a
classmate. Frank got the job but his classmate did not.

Frank Romano has a lot of good visibility as the historian of modern printing. Modern printing needed his formal investigations and detailed reports because the evolution was so rapid. Gordon Moore’s Law (observation) is that overall commonly available computing power has and will double every 2.5 years. “Moore’s Law is Dead” is a meme that asserts changes in the dimensions of understanding of the tools themselves. One path is that the changes are much greater; another is that they cease. 




Fortunately for us, Frank Romano is not alone and his Museum of Printing in Havehill, Massachusetts, is one of several institutions that preserve the tools, techniques, and traditions of the arts and sciences that instantiate and transubstantiate our thoughts across time and space. 

  • Museum of Printing
    • 15 Thornton Avenue, Haverhill, MA 01832
    • The Museum of Printing is dedicated to preserving the rich history of the graphic arts, printing and typesetting technology, and printing craftsmanship.
      The collection contains hundreds of antique printing, typesetting, and bindery machines, as well as a library of books and printing-related documents.
      A unique holding is the Mergenthaler Font Library, the original drawings that were the starting point for manufacturing matrices for Linotype machines. Other font libraries are those for the Intertype Photosetter and the remains of the font library of the Photon Corporation (after the unfortunate destruction of much of this resource).
    • The Museum will also become the home for the archives of the TUGboat editor, including many items related to TeX and to the typography of mathematics.
  • Providence Public Library Special Collections
  • The Updike Collection on the History of Printing
    • 150 Empire Street, Providence, RI 02903
    • Daniel Berkeley Updike was proprietor of the Merrymount Press in Boston.
    • In addition to thousands of books (among them many early type specimen books), prints, ephemera, and some artifacts (including the matrices for the Montallegro and Merrymount types, commissioned by Mr. Updike for his own use), the collection includes Mr. Updike’s personal correspondence from 1878 to his death in 1941.
    • An annual event is the Updike Prize for Student Type Design
    • For more information, call +1 (401) 455-8021.
    • It is best to plan ahead and make arrangements to see this collection.
  • Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Cary Graphic Arts Collection
    • 90 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5604, USA
      Phone: (585) 475-3961
      Fax: (585) 475-6900
    • Dedicated to graphic communication history and practices, this library is included in the curriculum of several courses offered by RIT's College of Imaging Arts and Sciences.
    • Among the holdings is the most substantial collection in America on the work of Hermann Zapf, who held the Melbert B. Cary Distinguished Professorship at RIT from 1977-1987.
    • They have many videos posted on their YouTube channel, including a tour of the press room and use of their Goudy printing press.
  • Stanford University Library
  • Information about opening hours and library locations can be found here.

These preservations are valuable because they are beautiful and their operations are harmonious and parsimonious. And they work. These are the moorings and anchors of our fragile civilization. 

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